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Archive for May, 2011

With cosmetic surgery London specialists to guarantee you your dream makeover, gone are the days of shying away from the mirror. Cosmetic surgery has heralded a revolutionary breakthrough in the world of beauty that everyone can afford today. Cosmetic surgery London experts are there to help you make some changes to your bodily features that may have been deformed or injured in some way or the other.

Cosmetic or plastic surgery can completely transform the feelings you have about yourself and can work wonders for your self-confidence. However, it is not as easy as it sounds because recovery from the surgery takes not only a prolonged period but the most positive results are usually only evident in those who are physically fit. Cosmetic surgery is also not the recommended solution for most patients suffering from diabetes or cardiac diseases. People who suffer from hypertension are not suitable for this form of surgery.

For cosmetic surgery to produce the desired effects you need to be able to afford long periods of rest. You must be prepared to deal with unprecedented results because a surgery like this comes with a lot of risks and complications. The reasons for opting for cosmetic surgery must be well founded and not driven by an impulse simply to satisfy yours or anyone else’s whims. When you do opt for cosmetic surgery, London is perhaps the ideal place to go to get it.

The large cosmetic surgeon London community boasts of the most reputed and skilled doctors who have successfully changed the lives of many. A large percentage of women here are in favor of cosmetic surgery to improve their personal and professional lives and a cosmetic surgeon London is the best person to advise you on the questions and doubts you may be having regarding cosmetic surgery.

How to Choose the Best Cosmetic Surgery London Clinics:

* Such clinics must respect your confidentiality and your interests.

* The clinics ought to treat their patients by keeping their best interests in mind and not use them as a means to accrue profits.

* The Cosmetic surgeon London has to be qualified in the field and his staff must be equally proficient.

* Verify the doctor’s credentials and ensure that he has passed necessary qualifying examinations.

* Remember to be well informed about every part of the cosmetic surgery procedure including the post-operative care and follow-up treatments. Make sure these are categorically put down in writing and you can avail yourself of twenty-four hour care right after the surgery is over. Cosmetic surgery London clinic is expected to offer post-operative care throughout the patient’s life and free refinement surgeries if required.

* Cosmetic surgery London clinics must recruit only certified medical professionals so that patients receive the best treatment suited for their specific needs and individual attention when it comes to post-operative care.

* Cosmetic surgery London clinics must not charge their patients for any hidden expenses.

So for the safest makeovers, turn to cosmetic surgery London clinics. Information about cosmetic surgeon London can be found on the Internet easily. Besides this, these surgeons have their own association that dedicates its untiring efforts to performing the most critical surgeries to treat patients suffering from facial disfigurations.

Marvelon is a combined oral contraceptive pill that assures an effective contraception. It belongs to the category of “third-generation” oral contraceptive pills. Marvelon contains two active ingredients, ethinylestradiol and desogestrel, which are third-generation synthetic versions of oestrogen and progesterone respectively. Clinical trials have shown that in the first year of use, this oral contraceptive pill is 99.99% effective. It means that only one in every 10,000 women has the risk of getting pregnant after taking Marvelon.

How does Marvelon work?

Marvelon is a low-dose oral birth control pill that works to inhibit the development and release of an egg from the ovaries for potential fertilisation. The body is tricked to believe that ovulation has already happened. Ethinylestradiol and desogestrel make the fluid present in the cervix thick in order to prevent sperm from entering the uterus. Moreover, the uterine lining is also altered to prevent implantation of a fertilised egg in the uterus.

Marvelon usage

You can start taking Marvelon pills on the first day of your menstrual cycle to get immediate protection from unwanted pregnancy. These contraceptive pills can also be started on the fifth day of your menstrual period without using any additional contraception. But if you have short menstrual cycles (23 days or less), starting Marvelon on the fifth day of your period may not provide you immediate contraceptive protection. In that case, you should consult a doctor to learn whether you need an additional contraception for the first seven days. You can start taking Marvelon contraceptive pills at any time in your menstrual cycle, but in that case, you won’t be getting immediate protection against unplanned pregnancy. You will need to use an additional contraceptive method such as condoms for at least seven days.

Marvelon pills should be taken everyday at the same time for 21 days to get full protection against unwanted pregnancy. Then you will have a seven-day break, which is known as the “pill-free” period. During this time, you may experience withdrawal bleeding because of the drop in the levels of hormones in the body. After seven days, you should start with the next pack of pills.

Marvelon precautions

Marvelon oral contraceptive pills are considered safe for many women. However, you may experience certain side effects if you have any of the following conditions:

1. High cholesterol or diabetes

2. Obese

3. Breast lumps or breast cancer

4. Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding and vaginal itch or irritation

5. Any heart conditions

6. Severe fever due to jaundice, benign or malignant liver tumours

7. Nicotine addiction

Other benefits of Marvelon

Marvelon contraceptive pills can offer an effective acne treatment for women. Some women prefer to combine their acne treatment with oral contraception. As these birth control pills prevent ovulation, they reduce the risk of developing benign or non-cancerous ovarian cysts. Studies have also shown that continuous use of Marvelon birth control pills can significantly reduce the risk of developing endometrial cancer. Unlike non-combined oral contraceptive pills, Marvelon pills help in controlling breast cysts or lumps and tenderness. You can get Marvelon online by filling in a medical questionnaire.

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Introduction

1) Problem Statement

Statistics show that majority of American youth live sedentary lifestyles yet this can cause both health and learning problems in schools. Schools are at a unique position to solve the obesity problem because this is where students spend most of their time; their level of physical activity through physical education is determined through these schools and so are nutritional lifestyles. There is a need to determine what the link between these three aspects is i.e. physical education, nutrition and obesity in schools in order to understand what the root cause of obesity is.

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the link between physical activity, nutritional intake and obesity in schools. In other words, the study will attempt to determine whether nutritional intakes in schools could be causing childhood obesity and also whether physical activity is a contributory factor towards obesity in schools. In other words, there will be two phases in this research; the first is establishing a link between physical activity and obesity in schools and the second will be establishing a link between nutritional intakes and obesity in schools. The variable parameters will be nutritional intake and physical inactivity and obesity will be the non variable factor. All the latter issues will be examined within a school context. (Jefferies, 2007)

Obesity levels in the study will be determined by measuring Body mass Index of the children chosen for study. It should be noted that when the latter measurements exceed ninety five percent, then those children fall within the category of obesity or they can also be called overweight. Physical activity can be determined by looking at fitness levels. Here standard fitness tests will be administered in which one’s aerobic capacity will be ascertained and so will their recovery tests. Nutritional information will be analyzed by looking at a number of issues that range from the content of the food to the amount of time allocated to it and the number of students who actually eat that school food.

At the end of the study, the research should be able to determine what the contributory levels of nutritional and physical activity in schools are towards causing obesity. In other words, the research will be able to verify whether school programs play a contributory role to causing obesity amongst children. (Alderman, 2004)

2) Description of the Community

The community chosen for study is the high school environment. This will encompass a series of individuals from various social and economic backgrounds since the schools chosen for analysis will be public schools. These schools will be located in the State of California. The reason why this particular area was chosen for study was that California is rich in a number of public schools and it is highly multiracial thus representing a larger portion of the entire country demographic.

Most public schools contain a mixture of individuals from different social economic backgrounds but there are some that are located in rich neighborhoods and thus considered wealthy while others are located in poorer locations. Since five schools will be utilized for this study, then care will be taken to represent all sides of the divide. Two schools will represent low income backgrounds, two schools will come from middle income households while one school will represent wealthy households.

3) Description of work settings

The three schools chosen for study will all be campuses. They will have students in the expected high school ages. Additionally, the faculties that will be chosen will also represent diversity in composition. Since the study revolves around nutritional and physical activity dimensions, then the opinions of members of staff will be sought. Some of the participants that will take part here include;

Physical education teachers
Students
Cafeteria staff
Nutrition teachers
Faculty directors
Food service coordinators

The basis for selecting these schools will be through the Economic Reference Groups which is normally utilized by the Board of Education. (NH Healthy Schools Coalition, 2007)

4) Writer’s role

The primary role of the writer will be to collect information from the chosen schools about the research question. In this regard, information about how much time students dedicate to their nutrition will be collected. Also, information about the school lunch program will be sought, cafeteria menus will be examined and there will also be keen emphasis on the role that vending machines and other low nutritional foods play in student’s lives. Physical education and physical activity information will be sought from the parties chosen for interview.

Additionally, the measurements to be conducted will be done by some assistants who have specialized in the area.

The writer is well equipped for such a task owing to the fact that he is in the process of obtaining a university degree. Also, the writer has taken part in a number of committee meetings within the school arena including his faculty committee. In this position, he was responsible for compiling reports and making major decisions within the group. Consequently, the writer is in a good position to carry out his respective duties and obligations in the study.

Study of the problem

1) Problem description

There is a need to understand what is going currently within the school environment. This is largely because obesity is still a prevalent problem among adolescents today yet most people have still not been able to understand how the school setting can contribute towards solving this issue.

2) Problem documentation

Statistics revealed through the Surgeon General Research group showed that schools are key settings in which prevention or reduction of obesity can be done. However, implementation of these recommendations is yet to be done in most schools. Most of them are yet to understand the influence that the have on children’s eating habits. This is especially the case because the influences go beyond the classroom. A research conducted by the EHHI found that most unhealthy food items such as cupcakes, sweets, cakes and sweet bread are introduced to children through schools. Examples here include vending machines, food based rewards, fund raisers and birthday parties. This means that there must be a correlation between these unhealthy eating habits and occurrence of obesity. (NH Healthy Schools Coalition, 2007)

Besides the latter matter, oncologists at Greenwhich hospital have shown that there is indeed a serious risk between childhood obesity and a number of health complications. In 1994, the latter researchers showed that there is a ten fold risk of getting diabetes 2 for children with obesity or those who are overweight.

3) Literature review

In studies to find out eating habits in schools within the country, it had been found that a substantial number of schools i.e. eighty percent of them offered students other opportunities for eating outside their normal cafeteria time. On top of that, it was also found that a similar percentage offered vending machines to students. (Taras, 2008)

Public Health officials such as the Connecticut Public Health Commissioner have asserted that children should not be offered any extra foods such as candy or schools within school hours. Besides this, the nutritional levels offered to students should be monitored by education coordinators. Given such strong assertions, then it implies that schools may loose out on a lot if they continue engaging in such complacent behavior when it comes to food.

A number of researches have been done with regard to the condition of physical education in most schools. While the national policy on the matter is rather straight forward, implementation of these recommendations is another issue altogether. First of all, most schools have failed to realize that sound health cannot be realized without physical education. For instance, time allocated to physical activities is quite short throughout the year. National standards require that there should be a minimum of twenty minutes allocated o each class for physical education made up of aerobic activity. Also, children are supposed to be given daily recess in which they engage in physical activity. However, this has not yet occurred.

Other researches have shown that for all the four years that students spend in high school, only a total of two semesters are dedicated to physical education. There is also a serious lack of consistency in most of these institutions because time and time again, one might find that a certain period has been characterized by intense physical activity yet another period has had nothing of the sort.

Brownwell, K. (2002) in his book “Food fight” by Yale University Press, the latter author claims that the well being and health of American students is in great danger because of the food environment in most of these institutions and also because of the lack of activity. He challenged most schools to think about how they can reverse that trend.

A number of child nutritionists have asserted that the best way for children to stay healthy is by doing the latter two things;

Eating right
Doing more

In their argument, these nutritionists claim that the deteriorating cases of obesity among American youth have been brought on by poor nutritional levels and also by failing to engage in an active life that would burn the fat and reduce occurrence of such conditions. It may be a fact that children respond differently to food depending on their genetic make up, however, the rate upon which children loose or gain weight may depend on the latter factors.

Additionally, it has been asserted by a number of experts that the idea of physical education in most schools needs to be re-conceptualized. This implies that a nationwide agenda on tackling obesity needs to adopted and the best way to achieve this is through schools. In order to reverse bad student health, there may be a need to change the way in which people view physical education and nutrition. While this may not be something that can occur overnight, there is a need to change the way this matter is viewed through the institution of certain procedures that can go a long way in eliminating some of these wrongs.

4) Causative analysis

Obesity within the country can be caused by a number of reasons. Some of them include complacency on the part of legislators who fail to enact laws that will guarantee implementation of sound school regulation on nutrition and physical education. Other reasons why obesity could be on the rise could be the lack awareness by education stakeholders on just how serious this issue is or how important the school setting is when it comes to encouraging poor habits. In other scenarios, schools themselves may not know exactly which areas they have to deal with in order to curb childhood obesity. Certain schools may offer minima opportunity for living healthy lifestyles. Lastly, obesity in schools may be growing because of the fact that poor eating habits are learned from birth and trying to change them after students have already grown may be difficult. (Taras, 2008)

This particular study will focus on some of the areas that need to be addressed by schools. In other words, the study will attempt to reveal what school habits are responsible for the growing problem of obesity in schools. This is why the research will dwell on physical education and poor nutrition.

Outcomes and evaluation

1) Goals and expectations

The goal of this study is to show that there is a relationship between physical education activities in schools and prevalence of obesity and also to show that there is a link between nutritional intakes in schools and prevalence of obesity.

2) Expected outcomes

At the end of this research, it is expected that most schools will recognize the role that they can play towards minimizing obesity among children. After showing such a relationship, it is likely that the schools may be motivated to action by implementing some of the issues put out in the report. (Alderman, 2004)

3) Measurement of outcomes

The outcomes shall be measured though both qualitative and quantitative methods. Questionnaires will be issued to cafeteria attendants, school heads, students, sports instructors and other stakeholders. Personal interviews will be done among school administrators to see whether they understand some of the issues under consideration.

4) Analysis of results

Results will be analyzed statistically through the use of pie charts and bar charts. Questionnaire solutions will be clustered and then summarized through pie charts. On the other hand, interviews will be analyzed through bar charts so as to ascertain that all ideas have been taken into consideration. The overall goal will be to prove a connection between the three components i.e. physical education, obesity and nutrition. Schools will be the targets of these results and they will be given the responses.

Solution strategy

1) Restatement of the problem

Obesity in schools is major challenge, it is essential to find out whether there is a link between physical education and nutritional intake in schools so as to address the problem.

2) Discussion

Additionally, statistics show that that there are a number of schools that still pay very little attention to physical exercise and physical education. It has been shown that in most high schools, students receive close to a third or less of their physical exercise. There is a need to find out whether this is related to the prevalence of obesity in schools and if so, the extent of this relationship needs also to be examined.

The latter issue is particularly alarming owing to the fact that most high schools receive about a third of the time nationally recommended of physical education while children in lower schools receive less time than is necessary. Most schools schedule regular physical exercises at any one time. However, it is often common to find that very few schools actually reinforce those rules. This indicates that there is serious problem facing children in terms of obesity. (Taras, 2008)

3) Calendar plan

The first week will be dedicated to identification of specific schools and sending application letters to carry out the research. The second week will be dedicated to questionnaire preparation and interview preparation with particular emphasis given to logistical issues like transport and printing.

The third week will be dedicated to confirmation with specific research schools and ensuring that they have adhered to the agreed upon issues.

Week four will largely dwell on conducting the research. Students will be interviewed, observations will be done. Cafeteria attendants will be consulted, sports teachers will be interviewed and so will school administrators. Week five will entail compiling answers from the interviews to come up with similar responses. Week six and seven will involve a thorough data analysis in which the responses will be placed into clusters and the last three weeks will be dedicated towards compiling the report.

References

Brownwell, K. (2002): Food fight; Yale University Press

Alderman, N. (2004): The State of Nutrition Physical Activity in our Schools; Environment and Human Health Inc. Report

Jefferies, S. (2007): Solving the Obesity Crisis; University of Illinois PACE conference, 12, 35

TASN (2006): Position of the Texas Association for School Nutrition: Obesity Epidemic, retrieved from http://www.tasn.net/files/Position of the Texas Association for School Nutrition- Obesity Epidemic.pdf. Accessed on 1st February

NH Healthy Schools Coalition (2007): Childhood Obesity: Now is the time to address this epidemic retrieved from http://www.nh.gov/gcpah/documents/childhoodobesity.pdf Accessed on 1st February

Taras, H. (2008): Schools can promote physical activity, implement nutrition programs to combat obesity epidemic; AAP Task force on Obesity Report, 3, 56

Modern facial cosmetic surgery techniques can achieve remarkable results. It can help you look years younger, smoothing out wrinkles and correcting perceived faults. Facial implants can give the appearance of a stronger, more attractive bone structure, while face lifts and brow lifts can undo the damage of age as skin starts to sag.

The results can be impressive but you need to undertake facial cosmetic surgery with realistic expectations. Your cosmetic surgery clinic may be able to improve the shape of your nose or fix your sagging eyelids, building your confidence in the process, but even the best plastic surgeon can’t make you look like J-Lo or Brad Pitt.

Here are a few types of cosmetic surgery that can be done to improve your face:

Face lift / brow lift

Face lifts and brow lifts are among the most common facial cosmetic surgery procedures. A face lift with a brow lift tightens and smoothes the skin across the face, especially around the eyes, lessening the appearance of wrinkles and loose skin. A facial cosmetic surgeon achieves this by cutting around the hairline and pulling the skin upwards, removing any excess before stitching it into its new position.

Eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty)

Eyelid surgery removes excess skin from around the upper eyelids, or bags from the lower eyelids. It can also reshape the eyes if required. This kind of facial cosmetic surgery can be done on upper or lower lids individually or both lids can be done together.

Ear surgery (otoplasty)

Ear surgery still comes under the category of facial cosmetic surgery, even though your ears are not strictly on your face. Otoplasty pins back protruding ears, and it can make large ears appear smaller. Occasionally it is done to balance uneven ears. The cartilage structure of the ears lends itself well to remodelling by cosmetic surgery and the results are usually excellent, with little scarring.

Cheek implants and chin implants

In Western culture, high cheekbones and a strong jaw are regarded as the ideal of beauty in both sexes. Weak or unpronounced facial features can be augmented during facial cosmetic surgery by inserting specially shaped silicone implants. These sit either along the top of the bone or just below it, to produce a fuller look. Cheek and chin implants involve relatively simple cosmetic surgery; small incisions are made behind your eyelid or inside your mouth to reduce the risk of scarring.

Lip augmentation

Thin lips can be enhanced by facial cosmetic surgery using a range of fillers. The most popular is collagen, although fat from elsewhere on the body can be used. The fillers do get absorbed though, so lip enhancement is not permanent. Breast augmentation lasts several years because of the inert silicon implants used, but lip augmentation may only last a few weeks or months. Repeated facial cosmetic surgery treatments are needed to maintain the effect.

Nose jobs (rhinoplasty)

Nose reshaping, often referred to as a nose job, is one of the oldest facial cosmetic surgery procedures. With the help of a good cosmetic surgeon you can choose the shape you want for your new nose before your cosmetic surgery. Your facial cosmetic surgeon will then get to work to achieve this by reshaping the bone and cartilage and trimming the skin and fatty tissue around it.

Your facial cosmetic surgery options

You can choose to have any of these facial cosmetic surgery procedures done in isolation to improve a specific part of your face, or you can decide to have several done at once together as part of your face lift. Your new face will take a few months to settle before you see the long-term benefits of your facial cosmetic surgery.

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If you love to have sex but you don’t want to get pregnant, contraceptives could be your best friends. Apart from the fact that they prevent pregnancy, some surgical operations that are contraceptives are also life savers. A good example is hysterectomy in which the womb is surgically removed. Contraceptives are the various deliberate means of avoiding pregnancy. How to choose the right contraceptives The factors to consider in choosing your contraceptives are:

Efficiency
Safety and
Personal taste.

Types There are two broad types: the Natural and the Artificial ones. Each of them has its merits and demerits so it advisable to consult a doctor before deciding for or against a particular contraceptive. The natural contraceptives

Coitus interruptus (withdrawal method) in which the penis is withdrawn from the vagina just prior ejaculation. It is not very effective because it demands great discipline from the man. Moreover, there are some sperm present in the lubricating fluid produced by the man which may impregnate.
The douche is another method but it is also not very effective. In fact, it is almost useless to douche after the intercourse
Fertility cycle: if you avoid sex during the three fertile days of the month, you could avoid pregnancy. This is theoretical and may also not be as efficient as you want.

The artificial contraceptives

The pill (oral contraceptives) is drugs with which you control your menstrual cycle hence your ovulation. It is one of the most effective contraceptives but it has its downsides too. One of them is possible delayed ovulation when you need it.
Intrauterine Device (IUD): a device inserted by a doctor into the uterine cavity to prevent pregnancy. Its downside includes higher possibility of abnormal pregnancy, disease and abortion.
Vaginal diaphragm is a dome-shaped device that you insert into the vagina before love-making. You may need to add some spermicidal jelly to the rim to make it more effective.
The use of Vaginal Spermicidal products is another contraceptive. These will kill any sperm in the vagina without harming the vagina. The downside to this is that it must be used just before sex so it could be distracting.
Condoms are worn both as contraceptives and to prevent diseases. Its down side is that it has to be worn after erection.
The RU486 is used by some women. It is actually an abortion drug.
Tuba ligation (for women) and vasectomy (for men) are surgical operations in which a section of the tubes that carry ovum in the woman or the one that conducts the sperm in the man is cut and tied off. It is a sure way of preventing pregnancy.

Caution! Before you go for tubal ligation or vasectomy, it is very important that you are absolutely sure you don’t want to get pregnancy any more. To reverse these surgical operations are expensive and the success is not guaranteed. Although some contraceptives are readily available, it is advisable to consult your doctor before you start using any of birth control method. There could be some underlying dangers which only qualified doctors can detect